The Relationship between Marine Sports Tourist Destinations, Social Responsibility, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior

This study investigated the structural relationship between tourist destination identification and environmental responsibility practices based on the social responsibility activities for visitors of marine sports tourist destinations where domestic travel has been active since COVID-19. Furthermore, we aimed to provide academic and practical implications by investigating the relationship between DSR, a major variable in sustainable marine sports tourism, and ERB. Data from a survey of tourists who participated in marine sports (n = 392) were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapping procedures. According to the analysis results, it was found that marine sports tourist DSR positively affected destination identification and ERB, and that tourist destination identification positively influenced ERB. Second, it was shown that the effect of the social responsibility of a marine sports tourist destination on ERB is mediated via the influence of tourist destination identification.

Does workplace ostracism negatively affect family life during a pandemic?

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the impact of workplace ostracism (WO) and fear of the COVID-19 pandemic on the family life of restaurant employees. This research is based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory and work-family interface model to understand the theoretical underpinnings of mistreatment in the food sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a survey with a structured questionnaire to collect time-lagged data from 238 restaurant employees in the central region of Punjab province in Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS tool with modern-day techniques like bootstrapping, process macro and SmartPLS.FindingsThe study reveals that perceived stress levels of the employees increase due to ostracism, leading to work-family conflict. Furthermore, the study found that employees who fear COVID-19 are less stressed by ostracism.Originality/valueThe study's significant contribution lies in demonstrating that the impact of ostracism in the workplace is quite different from what was expected. The results have shown that ostracism can reduce the perceived stress levels of employees, leading to a decrease in work-family conflict, especially in the presence of fear of COVID-19.

Using theory of mind to understand the impact of Covid-19 fear on healthcare workers' withdrawal intentions

PurposeHealthcare workers' (HCWs') job-related high exposure to Covid-19 virus arouses fear of Covid-19 among them. Based on the Theory of Mind (ToM), the study predicts that fears will lead to negative psychological (psychological distress) and behavioral (withdrawal intentions) outcomes. ToM is also used to identify social intelligence as a means to counter fear of Covid-19 on heightened psychological distress and increased withdrawal intentions.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the study design, a sample of 262 HCWs, including doctors, nurses and technicians, were surveyed using standardized questionnaires.FindingsAs predicted, Covid-19 fear led to increased withdrawal intentions with heightened psychological distress partially mediating the relationship. The alleviating role of social intelligence on the effects of Covid-19 was supported as high social intelligence reduced HCWs' turnover intentions, with decreased psychological distress partially mediating the relationship.Originality/valueGiven the universality of the Theory of Mind (ToM), the findings of this study are likely to be generalizable to all pandemics. The study results support the increased application of ToM in organizational settings and have both theoretical and practical implications for health administrators. Based on study results, health administrators are exhorted to develop ToM-based mental models to understand and deal with the fear of contagious diseases. Health administrators can also increase HCWs' social intelligence to deal with the negative perceptual and behavioral outcomes arising from the emotions aroused by the nature of their work.

The Model of Organizational Performance Based on Employees' Dynamic Capabilities-Verification During Crisis Caused by Black Swan Event

The article concerns the potential influence of employees' dynamic capabilities on the performance of entire organization, which operates in crisis caused by Black Swan event. It is the expansion of job performance model based on employees' dynamic capabilities, proposing the possibility of translating the positive influence of those capabilities onto entire organization and underlining the importance of employees' dynamic capabilities during crisis within organization. Based on literature analysis, the shape of the amended model is proposed, in which employees' dynamic capabilities influence organizational performance through elements of the original model (person-job fit, work motivation, job satisfaction, work engagement and job performance), and additional ones: person-organization fit, person-supervisor fit. The proposed model is empirically verified based on the sample of 1160 organization operating in Poland, Italy and USA during an active wave of COVID-19 pandemic (which is an example of Black Swan event). The results obtained using path analysis confirmed that employees' dynamic capabilities indeed influence organizational performance of organizations operating in crisis caused by Black Swan event through elements proposed in the model.

Informational Justice, Organizational Communication, and Job Insecurity in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were a time of great job insecurity. Knowledge of how such feelings of insecurity were mitigated during a time of crisis has important implications for the development of future interventions. Drawing from uncertainty management theory (UMT), we explored the impact of informational justice perceptions on the effects of job insecurity in a sample collected during the early stages of the pandemic (March-May 2020). The findings indicated that informational justice buffered the impacts of job insecurity on employee life satisfaction and perceived ability to perform. Furthermore, the source of information regarding COVID-19-related job changes mattered for predicting informational justice perceptions. Our findings bolster UMT and have important practical implications for future times of crisis.

Global Leaders for Global Teams: Leaders with Multicultural Experiences Communicate and Lead More Effectively, Especially in Multinational Teams

In an era of globalization, it is commonly assumed that multicultural experiences foster leadership effectiveness. However, little research has systematically tested this assumption. We develop a theoretical perspective that articulates how and when multicultural experiences increase leadership effectiveness. We hypothesize that broad multicultural experiences increase individuals' leadership effectiveness by developing their communication competence. Because communication competence is particularly important for leading teams that are more multinational, we further hypothesize that individuals with broader multicultural experiences are particularly effective when leading more versus less multinational teams. Four studies test our theory using mixed methods (field survey, archival panel, field experiments) and diverse populations (corporate managers, soccer managers, hackathon leaders) in different countries (Australia, Britain, China, America). In Study 1, corporate managers with broader multicultural experiences were rated as more effective leaders, an effect mediated by communication competence. Analyzing a 25-year archival panel of English Premier League soccer managers, Study 2 replicates the positive effect of broad multicultural experiences using a team performance measure of leadership effectiveness. Importantly, this effect was moderated by team national diversity: soccer managers with broader multicultural experiences were particularly effective when leading teams with greater national diversity. Study 3 (digital health hackathon) and Study 4 (COVID-19 policy hackathon) replicate these effects in two field experiments, in which individuals with varying levels of multicultural experiences were randomly assigned to lead hackathon teams that naturally varied in national diversity. Overall, our research suggests that broad multicultural experiences help leaders communicate more competently and lead more effectively, especially when leading multinational teams.

Job insecurity and survivor workplace behavior following COVID-19 layoff

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of job insecurity (JI) on employee work performance (WP) and service innovation behavior (SIB). It further examines the mediating role of affective commitment (AC) and the moderating role of organizational cynicism and financial job dependence (FJD). Design/methodology/approachBy using a three-wave approach, the hypotheses were tested by collecting data from 473 full-time employees and their supervisors in the Thai hotel industry. FindingsThe results demonstrated that JI negatively affected WP and SIB. AC mediated these relationships. FJD moderated these relationships such that at high levels of job dependence, the negative relationships were weaker. Research limitations/implicationsHuman resource managers may reduce the negative effects of JI by creating a supportive and caring work environment through open communication. They may communicate openly with employees about the challenges the organization is facing, and involve them in planning, decision-making and implementation to mitigate the negative effects of JI. They may also provide training and development opportunities to help employees build their skills and increase their value to the organization. Originality/valueResearch on the behavioral consequences of JI is scant in the hospitality sector. Drawing on job-demand resource theory, this study attempts to fill this gap.

Well-being and performance at work: a new approach favourable to the optimal functioning of workers through virtuous organisational practice

PurposeThe post-COVID-19 era is characterised in the professional field by a deterioration in the psychological health of employees and by "The Great Resignation". These phenomena require managers to rethink both organisational and HR strategies to protect their workers' health, to retain them in their job and, in fine, to ensure the sustainability of the organisation. However, studies have demonstrated that high performance work systems (HPWS), which are currently the dominant approach in human resource management, are related to an intensification of work and consequently a deterioration of employees' health (conflicting outcomes perspective). At the same time, workers' well-being has been shown to be associated with numerous organisational outcomes, such as individual performance. However, relatively few articles have investigated win-win organisational practices or programmes that promote the well-being and consequently performance of workers. These include virtuous organisational practices (VOPs), which specifically aim to enhance employees' well-being, considered not as a means to an end, but as an end in itself (mutual gains perspective). This paper aims to develop the general hypothesis that VOPs could increase employees' performance by protecting their health and thus offer an alternative to HPWS. Design/methodology/approachWe review relevant current research on psychological well-being and work performance and present innovative systems of organisational practices such as VOPs that create psychologically healthy workplaces and enhance workers' optimal functioning (well-being and performance). FindingsBased on theoretical arguments and empirical studies, we hypothesise that alternative practices such as VOPs can increase employees' performance while protecting their health and encouraging them to stay in the organisation. Research limitations/implicationsAfter this review, we discuss future avenues for research to encourage the scientific community to test this hypothesis. Practical implicationsFinally, we make a number of specific recommendations about how to (1) appraise, design and implement VOPs, (2) enhance organisational communication and managerial adherence to VOPs, and (3) train managers in R.I.G.H.T leadership behaviours. Originality/valuePresentation of an original approach in this research field: the VOPs.

Mediating role of psychological resilience in relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms of medical students in post COVID-19 period

[Background] In the post-pandemic period, attention has been paid to the study of psychological stage changes in various groups. Under the stress of pandemics, how to control negative emotions such as anxiety symptoms will have an important impact on medical students' professional identity and future professional competence. [Objective] This study is designed to explore the characteristics of stress and anxiety symptoms of medical students in different stages of the post COVID-19 period, and potential mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms. [Methods] By convenience sampling method, 3 000 medical students from three medical colleges in Shaanxi Province were selected and completed an online survey reporting the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Stress Scale for College Student (SSCS), and Resilience Scale of Adults (RSA) to assess their stress, psychological resilience, and anxiety symptoms in September and November 2020. SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform dependent-sample t test, variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediating effect test (hierarchical regression analysis). [Results] A total of 2 894 valid questionnaires were recovered and the valid recovery rate was 96.5%. The overall scores of stress, psychological resilience, and anxiety symptoms of selected medical students were 56.61+/-17.17, 166.88+/-28.55, and 40.45+/-9.67, respectively in the post COVID-19 period. The positive rate of high stress was 72.2%, and the positive rate of anxiety symptoms was 16.0%. There were significant differences in anxiety symptoms scores between the high and the low stress level groups (42.16+/-9.92, 35.99+/-7.30) (P < 0.01). There were significant differences in scores of stress, psychological resilience, and anxiety symptoms among different grade groups (P < 0.01). The pearson correlation analysis results showed that the stress score was positively correlated with the anxiety symptom score (r=0.417, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the psychological resilience score (r=-0.344, P < 0.01);the psychological resilience score was negatively correlated with the anxiety symptom score (r=-0.495, P < 0.01). The hierarchical regression analysis results found that stress had a positive effect on anxiety symptoms (b=0.280, P < 0.01), and a negative effect on psychological resilience (b=-0.344, P < 0.01);psychological resilience negatively affected anxiety symptoms (b=-0.398, P < 0.01), and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms (effect value was 0.137) that accounted for 32.8% of the total effect. [Conclusion] In the post COVID-19 period, medical students have a superposition of high stress and high anxiety symptoms. Psychological resilience is a protective factor for anxiety symptoms and plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between stress and anxiety symptoms.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

A temperature reading of South African seafarer well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic

This article provides an overview of the state of South African seafarers' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical work on African and South African seafarers' well-being during the pandemic is limited, with most work focusing on seafarers from major seafaring labour supply countries such as the Philippines and seafarers from the global North. This intervention, by focusing on South African seafarers, helps reduce the knowledge gap of seafarer well-being among less studied seafaring nationalities such as South Africans. A temperature reading research design was used. A form of action research, temperature readings are designed to tap into social phenomena during times of crisis, so as to provide a quick empirical snapshot of a specific research problem. Such an approach is less concerned with theory building and more concerned with profiling a particular sample and population. Purposeful and snowballing sampling was utilized to target seafarers and included 164 respondents. Data were analysed using SPSS. Key findings of the study indicated that 13.25% of the sample had contracted COVID19, 39.76% of the sample had crew members who had COVID-19 and 28.92% of the sample had family members who had COVID19. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on 42.17% of the sample, while 34.94% of the sample reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on their salary. Participants were satisfied with COVID-19 protocols implemented by their employers. Their well-being scores across social, psychological, subjective and workplace dimensions were moderate.

Mediating effect of resilience and fear of COVID-19 on the relationship between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder among campus-quarantined nursing students: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The emergency of Omicron variants, spreading in China and worldwide, has sparked a new wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The high infectivity and persistence of the pandemic may trigger some degrees of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for nursing students experiencing indirect trauma exposure to the epidemic, which hinders the role transition from students to qualified nurses and exacerbates the health workforce shortage. Thus, it's well worth an exploration to understand PTSD and its underlying mechanism. Specifically, PTSD, social support, resilience, and fear of COVID-19 were selected after widely literature review. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and PTSD among nursing students during COVID-19, to address the mediating role of resilience and fear of COVID-19 between social support and PTSD, and to provide practical guidance for nursing students' psychological intervention. METHODS: From April 26 to April 30, 2022, 966 nursing students from Wannan Medical College were selected by the multistage sampling method to fill the Primary Care PTSD Screen for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Brief Resilience Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Oslo 3 Items Social Support Scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, spearman's correlation analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis. RESULTS: 15.42% of nursing students had PTSD. There were significant correlations between social support, resilience, fear of COVID-19, and PTSD (r =-0.291 ~ 0.353, P <0.001). Social support had a direct negative effect on PTSD (ß =-0.216; 95% confidence interval, CI: -0.309~-0.117), accounting for 72.48% of the total effect. Analysis of mediating effects revealed that social support influenced PTSD through three indirect pathways: the mediated effect of resilience was statistically significant (ß =-0.053; 95% CI: -0.077~-0.031), accounting for 17.79% of the total effect; the mediated effect of fear of COVID-19 was statistically significant (ß =-0.016; 95% CI: -0.031~-0.003), accounting for 5.37% of the total effect; the chain mediating effect of resilience and fear of COVID-19 was statistically significant (ß =-0.013; 95% CI: -0.022~-0.006), accounting for 4.36% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: The social support of nursing students not only directly affects PTSD, but also indirectly affects PTSD through the separate and chain mediating effect of resilience and fear of COVID-19. The compound strategies targeted at boosting perceived social support, fostering resilience, and controlling fear of COVID-19 are warranted for reducing PTSD.

Knowledge-Based Human Resource Management, Logistics Capability, and Organizational Performance in Small Finnish Logistics Service Providers

Background: In the current knowledge age, the performance of logistics firms increasingly depends on knowledge and capabilities they can leverage in value-creation processes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between knowledge-based human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance mediated by logistics capability. Methods: Data from 93 small Finnish logistics service providers was collected by a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling and partial least squares analysis were used to test the hypothesized relationships between HRM practices and the organizational performance of logistics companies, as well as the mediating impact of logistics capability. Results: The results demonstrate that logistics capability fully mediates the relationship between HRM practices and the organizational performance of small logistics companies. Each of the three knowledge-based HRM practices-knowledge-based recruitment, training and development, and motivation-significantly influences logistics capability, which is, in turn, associated with the organizational performance of companies. Conclusions: This paper is one of the few among discussing knowledge-based HRM practices in logistics service research. The paper contributes to the literature on logistics by demonstrating the value of knowledge-based HRM practices in acquiring, developing, and leveraging knowledge to create organizational capabilities and ensure organizational performance. This study provides an improved understanding of the role of HRM and the resulting logistics capability in the performance of small logistics service companies.

Achieving Firm Financial Performance through the Just-in-Time Supply Chain, Quality Management, and Supply Chain Integration: The Moderating Role of It Advancement

Global competition and uncertainties call for manufacturers to adopt advanced supply chain practices that help them achieve competitive advantages in a volatile business environment. In this essence, the current research examines how supply chain integration, just-in-time practice, and quality management boost a firm operational and financial performance during a pandemic crisis like COVID-19. Similarly, this study examines the moderating effect of IT advancement on the relationship between a firm operational and financial performance. The sample size of this study is assessed with a priori power analysis. Data were collected from employees working in manufacturing firms, including construction equipment, transportation, electronic products, engineering, chemical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare manufacturers. For empirical analysis, 380 responses were estimated with a structural equation modeling approach. Constructs validity and reliability are tested in the measurement model. Empirical findings revealed that factors such as internal integration, process integration, product integration, just-in-time, and quality management collectively explained ������2 75.4 % variance in firm operational performance. In addition, effect size analysis ������2 shows that product integration has the highest importance in determining a firm operational performance. The research model has shown substantial predictive power ������2 54.2% to predict firm operational performance. The moderating impact of IT advancement is established and revealed that IT advancement in the supply chain will strengthen the relationship between the firm's operational and financial performance. Theoretically, this research has developed an integrated supply chain model that combines supply chain integration factors, just-in-time, quality management, and IT advancement to investigate the firm's operational performance. To practice, this study suggests that policymakers should concentrate on process integration, just-in-time supply chain strategy, and IT advancement, which boosts the firm's operational and financial performance. This study is unique as it discloses several useful findings which would help manufacturers deal with an unprecedented situation like the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Longitudinal Investigation of the Roles of Cognitive and Affective Job Insecurity Before and During the Pandemic

Background: While an increasing body of research has examined employees' job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, we know little about the role of cognitive and affective job insecurity in the pandemic context. Methods: We conducted a two-wave study on 211 service employees in South Korea to assess the indirect effect of their cognitive job insecurity that existed before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on their job performance after the onset of the pandemic, via affective job insecurity. Results: Mediation analysis revealed that pre-COVID cognitive job insecurity significantly indirectly affected mid-COVID job performance through mid-COVID affective job insecurity. Further, we found this indirect effect significant only among female employees. Discussion: These findings underscore the long-term effects of cognitive job insecurity on job performance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Does Participative Leadership Promote Employee Innovative Work Behavior in IT Organizations

The responsibilities of leaders have grown as a result of information technology organizations' increasing reliance on information and development to carry out their work. It is important for leaders to guide and support organizations as they respond to the challenges of continually generating new innovation and information frameworks. The participative initiative, therefore, is characterized as an authority that draws on part data and part insight to reduce progressive obstructions by including individual hierarchical individuals in the decision-making process. The participative initiative encourages a positive style of leadership in which the leader provides workers with the chance to partake in dynamic and critical thinking through consolation, backing, and impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of participative leadership on employee innovative work behavior through the mediating role of employee knowledge-sharing attitude and absorptive capacity, with project risk management as moderator. The non-probability convenience sampling technique was used and data collection occurred over three months from January 2022 to March 2022. As data collection took place in one time period, the design is cross-sectional in nature. The data were collected from 273 workers (i.e. engineering manager, project manager, project leader, team leader, software engineer, advisor, and expert) working in different public and private sector IT companies of Portugal. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, both hard and soft copies of surveys were distributed via email. The analysis was performed using Smart PLS version 3.2.8. The results revealed that participative leadership had a direct effect on employee innovative work behavior that was positive and significant. Also, both the knowledge-sharing attitude and absorptive capacity of employees positively and significantly mediate the relationship between participative leadership and employee innovative work behavior. Project risk management, however, only significantly moderates the relationship between absorptive capacity and employee innovative work behavior. Lastly, some theoretical, practical implications, study limitations and future directions were discussed.

Mediating role of psychological flexibility in the effect of obsessive-compulsive symptoms on sleep quality among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Front-line nurses suffered unprecedented mental distress and severe insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Present study aimed to explore the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep quality and examine the potential mediating role of psychological flexibility between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep quality. A total of 496 nurses from a Chinese large-scale Class 3 A Comprehensive Hospital were included in an online cross-sectional survey and completed the revised obsessive-compulsive inventory (OCI-R), Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). As predicted, obsessive-compulsive symptoms were negatively associated with psychological flexibility and sleep quality, and psychological flexibility was positively associated with sleep quality. In addition, the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep quality was partially mediated by psychological flexibility, which can provide some reference for the treatment of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and insomnia, and lead to improvements in clinical and psychotherapy planning.

Online Education and Subjective Well-Being in China: Multiple Mediating Roles of Social Class Mobility and Social Tolerance

(1) Background: Online education has developed into a new form of education. However, the relationship between online education and subjective well-being has seldom been extensively studied in the literature. Thus, this study provides quantitative evidence regarding the effect of online education on subjective well-being. (2) Objective: The objective of this study was to reveal the net effect of online education on subjective well-being and explore the mediating roles of social class mobility and social tolerance between online education and subjective well-being. (3) Methods: Based on the 2019 China Comprehensive Social Survey data, the "counterfactual framework” was constructed using the propensity score matching method, and 1029 matched samples were analyzed. (4) Results: Online education is significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (average treatment effect on the treated, ATT = 0.189, p < 0.01). Social class mobility and social tolerance serially mediate the relationship of online education and subjective well-being (the intermediary role of social class mobility is 0.0163;the mediating role of social tolerance is 0.0064). (5) Conclusion: This study confirms the positive predictive effect of online education on subjective well-being and affirms the multiple mediating roles of social class mobility and social tolerance between online education and subjective well-being.

The impact of institutional management on teacher entrepreneurship competency: The mediating role of entrepreneurial behaviour

Although COVID-19 is far away, the impact of the pandemic on the management of higher education remains. Within the field of entrepreneurship education research, the influence of institutional management on teacher entrepreneurship competency (TEC) has attracted more attention as they are considered one of the key engines of economic recovery. Using quantitative research as well as SEM, a total of 1241 entrepreneurship education faculty members at China's double first-class universities were surveyed using a questionnaire. The results suggest that entrepreneurship group management (EGM) and mechanism protection (EMP) in institutions have a positive predictive effect on TEC, while a partial mediating effect exists after considering teacher entrepreneurial behaviours (TEB) (including Teacher's behaviour of innovation and autonomy (BIA) and resource seeking and management (BSM)). Overall, the management of entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities has a good effect on the development of TEC. Thus, the application of tripartite interaction theory in entrepreneurship education institutions provides a good reference for the personal sustainable development of entrepreneurship teachers. The significance of institutional management for teachers should shift from the traditional provision of work to professional development and growth. © 2023 The Authors

Employee Engagement Management in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review

The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in protracted lockdowns, causing businesses to reconsider keeping their operations running smoothly without interruption. Employee engagement has played a critical role in achieving this. This research aimed to see what strategies business organizations use to keep their employees significantly engaged during the pandemic. A systematic review of empirical studies conducted between 2020 and 2022 is synthesized. The review revealed that offering mental relief care and resilience were the most preferred approaches to enhance employee engagement. Competency building, demonstrating employee empathy, and directing expectations helped in job engagement. The review offers insight and implications for organizations and policymakers on strategizing engagement policies and maintaining the well-being of their employees in tough times. Finally, the review established a call for future research agenda.

Redemption from SRHRM under COVID-19: How business threat due to COVID-19 affects employee insomnia via hope and workplace anxiety

Existing studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic influences employee outcome in the work domain. However, the impact of business threat due to COVID-19 on employee daily insomnia remains unexplored. Addressing this research gap can help scholars understand the risks of COVID-19 in the non-work domain. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we explore how and when business threat due to COVID-19 triggers employee insomnia. Using an experience sampling methodology where 89 employees are surveyed for 7 workdays, our multilevel analyses show that employee daily hope and workplace anxiety mediate the effects of business threat due to COVID-19 on employee insomnia. Furthermore, socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) practices weaken the negative relationship between business threat due to COVID-19 and employees' hope and mitigate the positive relationship between business threat due to COVID-19 and their workplace anxiety. We also find that SRHRM practices influence the indirect effect of business threat due to COVID-19 on employee insomnia via workplace anxiety. Our study helps understand the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between business threat due to COVID-19 and employee insomnia and further sheds light on the role of SRHRM in mitigating the destructive effect of business threat due to COVID-19.